Complete World Mapping | Through Animation | OnlyIAS

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Here’s a quick summary of World Geography Mapping notes for UPSC preparation:

1. Continents and Oceans
Continents: Seven continents - Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia.
Oceans: Five oceans - Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic.
2. Important Lines of Latitude
Equator (0°): Divides the Earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N): Passes through countries like India, Saudi Arabia, Mexico.
Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S): Passes through Australia, Brazil, South Africa.
Arctic Circle (66.5° N): Encircles the Arctic region, including northern Canada, Russia.
Antarctic Circle (66.5° S): Encircles the Southern Ocean, Antarctica.
3. Major Mountain Ranges
Himalayas: Asia, including India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China.
Andes: Longest mountain range in South America.
Rocky Mountains: North America, from Canada to the USA.
Alps: Europe, crossing through countries like Switzerland, France, Italy.
Atlas Mountains: Northern Africa, mainly in Morocco.
4. Significant Rivers
Nile: Longest river, flows through northeastern Africa (Egypt, Sudan).
Amazon: Largest river by discharge, flows through South America (Brazil, Peru).
Mississippi-Missouri: Major river system in the USA.
Yangtze: Longest river in Asia, flows through China.
Danube: Flows through Central and Eastern Europe.
Volga: Longest river in Europe, flows through Russia.
5. Important Deserts
Sahara: Largest hot desert, located in northern Africa.
Gobi: Cold desert in northern China and Mongolia.
Kalahari: Located in southern Africa.
Atacama: One of the driest places, located in Chile.
Great Victoria: Largest desert in Australia.
6. Major Seas and Straits
Mediterranean Sea: Between Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Red Sea: Between Africa and the Arabian Peninsula.
Black Sea: Bordered by countries like Turkey, Ukraine, Russia.
Strait of Gibraltar: Between Spain and Morocco, connecting Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean.
Strait of Malacca: Between Malaysia and Indonesia, critical for global shipping.
7. Important Peninsulas
Indian Peninsula: Extends into the Indian Ocean.
Arabian Peninsula: Includes countries like Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman.
Iberian Peninsula: Home to Spain and Portugal.
Scandinavian Peninsula: Includes Norway, Sweden.
8. Key Plateaus
Deccan Plateau: In India.
Tibetan Plateau: World's highest plateau, in China and neighboring regions.
Colorado Plateau: In the USA.
Patagonian Plateau: In southern Argentina.
9. Important Lakes
Caspian Sea: Largest enclosed inland body of water, between Europe and Asia.
Lake Superior: Largest freshwater lake by surface area, part of North America's Great Lakes.
Lake Baikal: Deepest lake in the world, in Russia.
Lake Victoria: Largest lake in Africa, shared by Tanzania, Uganda, and Kenya.
10. Climate Zones
Tropical Zone: Near the equator, includes rainforests like the Amazon and Congo.
Temperate Zone: Between the tropics and polar regions, covers most of Europe, North America.
Polar Zone: Found near the poles, includes Antarctica and the Arctic.
11. Volcanoes and Earthquakes
Ring of Fire: Major area in the Pacific Ocean with active volcanoes and frequent earthquakes.
Mt. Vesuvius (Italy): Active volcano, famous for the destruction of Pompeii.
Mt. Fuji (Japan): Iconic and active volcano in Japan.
12. Islands
Greenland: Largest island in the world, politically part of Denmark.
Borneo: Shared by Malaysia, Indonesia, and Brunei.
Sumatra: Part of Indonesia.
Madagascar: Island nation off the coast of southeast Africa.
13. Natural Regions
Tundra: Cold, treeless regions around the Arctic and Antarctica.
Savanna: Grasslands with scattered trees, found in Africa (e.g., Serengeti).
Taiga: Boreal forests, found in Russia, Canada.
14. Geopolitical Locations
Suez Canal: Connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.
Panama Canal: Connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, crucial for global shipping.
Persian Gulf: Key oil-exporting region, bordered by countries like Iran, Saudi Arabia.
15. World Capitals and Countries
Familiarize yourself with important countries and their capitals, especially those in geopolitically significant regions like the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and Africa.
These World Geography Mapping notes are crucial for understanding the physical and political features of the world, which are frequently tested in the UPSC prelims and mains.