Induction Motor Parts (Squirrel Cage - Asynchronous Motor Design)

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Before learning how a three phase induction motor / asynchronous motor works, we need to learn about the parts that make it work. This 3D animated video teaches you about all of an induction motors parts and why the induction motor is designed the way its is.

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▶️Induction Motor Components
Another name for a three phase (3~) induction motor is the ‘asynchronous motor’. This type of motor is the most common of all motor designs in use within the engineering world today. A typical squirrel cage induction motor consists of:

- Rotor Shaft – to which the bearings are mounted. The shaft penetrates through the casing and is supported by bearings so that a small clearance exists between it and the stator; this is known as the 'air gap'.

- Stator Core and Windings – surrounding the rotor. The stator windings are wound in a looped pattern within slots attached to the inside of the stator core. Electrical current flowing through these windings creates the magnetic field that causes the rotor to turn.

- Frame / Casing - a ribbed external structure (cooling fins) is used to increase the heat transfer rate from the motor casing to air. The stator core slides into the frame.

- Fan – an axial fan blows air across the motor to increase the heat transfer rate from the motor to air; thus keeping the motor cooler.

- Bearings – installed between the shaft and end bells. The bearings may be of the anti-friction or plain design, although only very large motors use plain bearings. Ball bearings (Conrad bearings) and roller bearings and commonly used within induction motors. The bearings support the weight of the rotor and allow it to rotate without passing this rotary motion on to the casing.

- C-clip – a type of retaining ring used to fix the bearing into the end bell and prevent it moving axially.

- Dust seal – seals the space between the shaft and end bells and prevents/reduces foreign particle ingress.

- Terminal box – where the external electrical circuit connects to the motor winding connections.

The motor works based on the theory of electromagnetic induction and the resultant forces created (see ‘Lenz’s law’ and ‘Faraday’s law’). The motor shown in this video is wired in a 'wye'/'star' configuration.

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