Introduction to Animal Breeding | Basic Terms in Animal Breeding

In this lecture, I have tried to provide a brief introduction to animal breeding. Animal Breeding deals with the selective crossing of domestic animals to produce offspring with desirable qualities/characteristics. I have also provided the definitions of basic terms used in animal breeding. These terms are:

Economically Important Traits
Any trait having a monitory value
Trait
A trait is "a distinguishing phenotypic characteristic, typically belonging to an individual“
Phenotype
A phenotype is what you observe or measure on the animal for a certain trait
Selection
Preferential use of animals for breeding
The process that determines which individuals become parents to the next generation
Natural Selection
The selection that occurs in nature independent of deliberate human control
Artificial Selection
The selection that is under human control
Gamete
Sex cells
Culling
Removal of undesired animals from the herd
Artificial Insemination
A reproductive technology in which semen is collected from males, then used in fresh or frozen form to breed females
Breeding Value
Actual genetic potential of an animal for a specific trait
Estimated Breeding Value
Estimated genetic potential of an animal for a certain trait
Phenotypic selection
Selection based solely on an individual's own phenotype
Heritability
The proportion of the total phenotypic variation in a population that is due to genetic variation among individuals
Genetic correlation
The measure of strength of relationship b/w breeding values of two traits
Phenotypic Correlation
The measure of strength of relationship b/w performance of two traits
Repeatability
A measure of the strength of the relationship between repeated records for a trait in a population
Fertility
The ability of a female to conceive
The ability of a male to impregnate
Sire
A general term used for male parent
Dam
A general term used for female parent
Pedigree Data
Information on the genotypes or performance of an animal’s ancestors
Progeny data
Information on the genotypes or performance of animal’s offspring
Collateral relatives
Relatives that are neither direct ancestors nor direct descendants of an individual, e.g., siblings, aunts, uncles, nieces, and nephews
Sire Summary
A list of all the useful information on a sire
Mating
The process that determines which selected males are bred to which selected females
Mating system
A set of rules for mating
Cross Breeding
The mating of animals from two different breeds (Friesian and Jersey
Crossbred
An individual having parents from two different breeds
Hybrid vigor or heterosis
An increase in the performance of crossbred/hybrids over pure breds due to heterozygosity
Hybrid
An individual born from a cross between two species, breeds, or lines
Inbreeding
Mating of closely related individuals
Inbreeding depression
A decrease in the performance of individuals due to homozygosity
Outbreeding
Breeding of non-related individuals within a breed

0:00 Introduction
0:16 Animal Breeding
2:42 Trait and Phenotype
5:43 Preferential use of animals for breeding
9:18 Phenotypic selection • Selection based solely on an individual's own phenotype
12:41 Fertility •The ability of a female to conceive •The ability of a male to impregnate
14:35 Mating •The process that determines which selected males are bred to which selected
16:39 Inbreeding • Mating of closely related individuals

Animal Breeding and Genetics Lectures
https://youtube.com/playlist?l....ist=PL1ectsXIpOkdTzB