Peanut Agriculture Process, Peanut Harvesting, peanut cultivation processing, How to farming peanut

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Peanut Agriculture Process, Peanut Harvesting, peanut cultivation processing, How to farming peanut - Groundnut Farming (Peanut); Planting; Care; Harvesting Peanut Agriculture and Production Technology
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Peanut also knows as Peanut is one of the top oil-seed crops grown in Asian countries. Peanut is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, being important to both small and large commercial growers. Peanut is an annual herbaceous plant that may reach up to 50 cm height. Peanut belongs to the family of “Fabaceae” and genus of “Arachis”. India is the second largest producer of Peanuts next to China in Asia. Peanuts are used in culinary preparation by roasting, making peanut flour and extracting peanut oil. Peanuts are rich in essential nutrients. In a 100 grams serving of peanuts provide 550 calories and are an excellent source of several B vitamins, vitamin E, several dietary minerals, such as manganese, magnesium and phosphorus, and dietary fiber. Peanut seed contains about 40 to 45 % of oil and 25 % of protein. Peanut kernel is very easy digestible and the oil cake obtained afterthe extraction of the oil from Peanut is a valuable organic manure and animal feed. It contains 6 % ‘N’, 1 %phosphorus and 1% potash. Peanut is a good rotation crop which builds up the soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through the root nodules. Peanut Farming is also an excellent cover crop especially .

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Groundnut Farming (or peanut farming) is a very lucrative agro-business venture.

It guarantees a large return on investment, especially with the application of the right techniques.

Interestingly, one can cultivate groundnut in a wide range of environment.

However, it grows well in arid and semi-arid regions, requiring an optimum temperature of about 30oC.

Because of its numerous uses, groundnuts are in great demand and this opens an opportunity for interested investors to export the product.

Do you know that most quantities of groundnut harvested in African countries are consumed locally?

This implies that there is a readily available market for groundnut and its by-product both locally and internationally.


Uses of Groundnut

Groundnut is a popular source of food throughout the world, and for that reason, more and more people are going into this agro-business venture.

Here are some of the uses of groundnut that makes it popular.

Many farmers grow groundnut because of its nuts, oil, and its vegetative residue.

In many countries, people consume groundnut as peanut butter while many others crush and use it for the production of groundnut oil.

At the same time, some simply consume groundnuts as a confectionery snack, boiled, roasted, salted or in sweets.

In some African countries, the people use groundnuts to make special dishes like; peanut butter soup ‘nkatenkwan’ in Ghana, peanut cake (kuli-kuli) in Nigeria, and Mali meat stew ‘maafe’.


Harvesting in Peanut Farming :

Premature harvesting of Peanut pods lowers the yield, oil percent age, and quality of seeds. Delay in harvesting after physiological maturity can result in increased Aspergillus flavus infection, and aflatoxin contamination in pods/seeds, and many pods may be left in the soil due to weakening of pegs. The Spanish bunch varieties (nondormant types) start germinating if harvesting is delayed. Therefore, it is important to harvest at optimum maturity.

There are three ways of harvesting in Peanut Farming :

1. Apply sprinkler irrigation for an hour and manually pull the plants.

2. Provide a light surface irrigation 2 – 3 days before harvest a n d use a blade harrow that cuts the plant roots 1 2 – 1 5 cm below the soil surface. Then manually pull the plants.

3. When irrigation water is scarce, use a plow or tractor-driven digger to loosen the soil. Then manually remove the plants.

Note: Harvested plants should be stacked in the field for a few days for air and sun drying (on bright sunny days) before stripping the pods. Thereafter, pods are continuously dried to reach a moisture content of 6 – 6 % to avoid the development of aflatoxin caused by yellow mold (Aspergillus flavus).

Storage of Peanut:
After cleaning and grading, store the dry pods in gunny bags and stack them up to 10 bags high in separated stacks so that air freely circulates among them .